MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS
MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY
DECEMBER 11, 2015
1. Roll Call
Present:
Mr. Joe Carmichael, Governor Ms. Virginia Fry, Governor
Mr. Gabriel E. Gore, Governor (by conference call) Dr. Peter Hofherr, Vice Chair
Mr. Stephen B. Hoven, Chair Ms. Beverly Miller, Governor Mr. Kendall Seal, Governor
Mr. Greg Spears, Governor Ms. Carrie Tergin, Governor
Absent:
Mr. Caleb Doyle, Student Governor
Also Present:
Clifton Smart III, President
Drew Bennett, Chancellor of the West Plains Campus Frank Einhellig, Provost
Dee Siscoe, Vice President for Student Affairs
Matt Morris, Vice President for Administrative Services
Jim Baker, Vice President for Research, Economic Development, and International Programs
Stephen Foucart, Chief Financial Officer
Donna Christian, Director of Internal Audit & Compliance
Suzanne Shaw, Vice President for Marketing & Communications
Brent Dunn, Vice President for University Advancement
Rachael Dockery, General Counsel
John McAlear, Secretary of the Board
2. Presiding –The presiding officer for the meeting was Mr. Steve Hoven, Chair of the Board of Governors. He called the meeting to order at 9:00 a.m. in the Traywick Parliamentary Room in the Plaster Student Union on the campus of Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri. He welcomed Mr. Gabe Gore, representing the First Congressional District of the State of Missouri, to his first meeting as a member of the Board.
3. Approval of Minutes:
a. Board of Governors Meeting –Mr. Hoven mentioned that the first item of business was the approval of the minutes
for the open and closed meetings of October 16, 2015, held at 8:00 a.m., and the open
meeting of October 16, 2015 held at 1:00 p.m. Dr. Hofherr so moved, receiving the
second of Ms. Fry.
Motion passed 8-0-1 (Mr. Gore abstaining).
4. Consent Agenda –Mr. Hoven noted that the next item of business on the agenda was the approval of the Consent Agenda for this meeting. The items included in the Consent Agenda are:
West Plains Campus
Approval of Activity Report dated December 11, 2015 (West Plains Campus Activity Report
No. 114-15).
Approval of actions concerning West Plains Campus academic employees (West Plains Campus Personnel No. 384-15).
Approval of actions concerning West Plains Campus non-academic employees (West Plains Campus Personnel No. 385-15).
Financial
Approval of Procurement Activity Report for the period September 30, 2015, through
November 19, 2015 (Purchasing Activity Report No. 429-15).
Approval of revision to G1.13 Fiscal Responsibility Policy, the governing policy setting forth the guidance for proper and legal use of scarce university resources (Board Policies No. 97- 15).
Notification to the Board of Governors regarding a fee schedule modification approved by President Smart. The following is the modified International Programs Sponsored Student Fee (with the modifications underlined):
International students who attend Missouri State University, to include the English Language Institute, whose room and board and/or tuition and fees are paid by a sponsoring organization, will be charged a sponsored student fee of $200 for fall and spring semesters; $100 for summer semester; and $100 per 8-week session for English Language Institute. This fee is non-refundable.
Accept a real estate gift from the Missouri State University Foundation and accept additional property from the Leo Journagan Revocable Trust (Gifts No. 168-15).
Facilities and Equipment
Approval of Activity Report for the month of September 2015 (Activity Report No. 274-15).
Approval of Activity Report for the month of October 2015 (Activity Report No. 275-15).
Approval of a resolution granting a temporary construction easement and a permanent
drainage easement to the City of Springfield, Missouri, a municipal corporation, for
the construction of sidewalk streetscape improvements at the corner of Phelps Street
and Jefferson Avenue, and the installation of storm drainage structures on Phelps
Street (Land No. 116-15).
Human Resources Items
Actions concerning academic employees (Human Resources No. 1509-15). Actions concerning
non-academic employees (Human Resources No. 1510-15).
Mr. Carmichael made a motion to approve the Consent Agenda, receiving a second from
Dr. Hofherr.
Motion passed 9-0.
5. President’s Report – President Clif Smart began his report by welcoming everyone to the December Commencement weekend. He stated that later today, we will graduate 1,501 students in two ceremonies at JQH Arena.
He then asked Dr. Dee Siscoe, Vice President for Student Affairs, to present the Citizen Scholar resolution. Dr. Siscoe presented the resolution (Awards No. 66-15) approving the following students as Citizen Scholars for 2015-2016: Zane Clark, Brianna Duda, Caitlin Shukwit, Melanie Morgan, Nadia Pshonyak, and Piper-Danay Smith. Moved by Ms. Tergin and seconded by Mr. Spears.
Motion passed 9-0.
Dr. Siscoe then introduced each of the Citizen Scholars with members of the Citizen Scholar Selection Committee, board members Dr. Peter Hofherr, Ms. Carrie Tergin, and Mr. Kendall Seal, assisting with the presentations of award certificates.
President Smart next commented on materials for use this legislative session. Our two major legislative priorities this year are: 1) an increase in our operating appropriation by six percent allowing the University to keep resident undergraduate tuition flat and to significantly invest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs; and 2) a $5 million appropriation in one-time matching capital funds to upgrade David D. Glass Hall for the College of Business.
6. Academic Affairs:
a. Faculty Senate Report – Dr. Sharmistha Self, Chairperson of the Faculty Senate, first reported on how efficiently
the new electronic curriculum system is working. She also mentioned a charge that
she had given to an ad hoc benefits committee on whether the Faculty Senate needed
a standing committee on benefits. The ad hoc committee did recommend that such a committee
was needed. Dr. Self then asked Dr. Cindy Hail, Chair of the Honorary Doctorate Committee,
to present the Faculty Senate’s recommendation to receive an Honorary Doctorate. Dr.
Hail presented the following resolution:
That the degree of Doctor of Public Affairs (A.P.D.) be conferred upon Dr. John D. Bentley at the Commencement Ceremony in May 2016, in recognition of his extraordinary achievements in the area of public affairs (Awards No. 67-15).
Moved by Ms. Miller and seconded by Ms. Tergin. Motion passed 9-0.
b. Report from Provost – Dr. Frank Einhellig, Provost, reported the good news that we have been notified that the Springfield Campus has passed all of its State performance measures for this year. He next reported on the status of the searches for several key academic administrative positions.
7. West Plains Campus – Dr. Drew Bennett, Chancellor of the West Plains Campus, presented a resolution that the University recognize the generosity of Mary Hass Sheid, the William R. Hass family, and William and Virginia Darr, for their major gifts to the renovation/expansion of the Post Office Building on the West Plains campus by permanently naming the building Hass-Darr Hall (West Plains Naming No. 8-15). Moved by Dr. Hofherr and seconded by Ms. Miller.
Motion passed 9-0.
8. Student Affairs:
a. Report from Student Body President – Ms. Ashley Crisafulli, Student Body President, reported that they are excited about
being involved with the Health Center renovation/expansion project that has started.
She added that she, Student Governor Caleb Doyle, and Chief of Staff Ryan DeBoef have
concluded a competitive search for a new student governor to replace Mr. Doyle as
his term ends December 31, 2015. They have sent the names of three finalists to Governor
Jay Nixon for his selection. She added that over the last month, the SGA has really
worked to reaffirm its commitment to diversity and inclusion – they have participated
in various demonstrations and attended numerous meetings with administrators, faculty,
staff, and students. They look forward to continuing to make Missouri State University
the best university it can be for all students and to bettering their efforts in representing
all students by SGA.
9. Staff Senate – Ms. Christina Bowles, Chairperson for the Staff Senate, reported that the Staff Satisfaction Survey was available for input from November 4-13 and they were pleased to achieve a 50% response rate. They will be releasing the full report sometime in January.
10. New Business:
a. Board Committee Structure for Calendar Year 2016 – Dr. Peter Hofherr, Chair-Elect,
next proposed that the 2016 Executive Committee be Ms. Virginia Fry (Chair of the
Finance & Facilities Committee), Mr. Joe Carmichael, Ms. Carrie Tergin (Chair of the
Programs & Planning Committee), and himself. So moved by Ms. Miller, with the second
being offered by Mr. Spears.
Motion passed 9-0.
b. Diversity Communication – On December 1, 2015, Board Chair, Mr. Hoven, and President Smart submitted a response to a group of students who issued a demands letter regarding the university’s responsibility for diversity and inclusion. Included in that response was an invitation for students to share their experiences and perspectives at today’s Board of Governors’ meeting. Four students chose to attend today’s meeting and provide statements. The four students who addressed the Board were: Ms. Ravyn Brooks, a junior in pursuit of a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology with a minor in Religious Studies; Mr. Xavier Torres-Ghoston, a senior in pursuit of a Bachelor of Science in Communications with a minor in African-American Studies; Ms. Adekemi Omoloja, a junior in pursuit of a Bachelor of Science in Cellular Molecular Biology with a minor in Chemistry; and Ms. Monica Villa Meza, a junior majoring in Sociology with a minor in Spanish. The four statements are attached to these minutes in their entirety.
Mr. Hoven thanked the students for sharing their thoughts and concerns. He added that we are fortunate to have such engaged students on campus. He commented that we have many diversity initiatives imbedded in our annual goals and our long-range plans. We review these goals each year to determine if we have been successful and to determine how we might improve or replace them. The comments we have heard today will help us very much in moving forward. We will incorporate this input into this process. He also asked the students to participate in the upcoming forums for our next long-range plan that is currently being developed for years 2016-2021. President Smart then commented that we are already working and have been working on many of the items referenced by the students. He added that there are meetings already scheduled for next week to continue to work on some of the items brought up today. We will circle back with the student speakers.
Dr. Pauline Nugent, Professor in World Languages and Cultures, (from the audience) commented that these students today are doing something hugely, historically important for this part of the world. She encouraged the students to work cooperatively with the University and see what we can all accomplish together. She ended her comments by saying that the University has made huge steps forward, maybe not noticeable by current students, in her twenty-four-year history on campus.
Mr. Hoven remarked that every member of the Board is committed to Diversity and that this charge has been led by President Smart. We could not have a better individual to lead us on these issues.
11. Closed Meeting – It was determined that the Board of Governors needed to meet in a closed session to consider items of business provided in the Revised Statutes of Missouri. Mr. Hoven asked if a resolution authorizing a closed meeting of the Board was prepared. Thereupon, the following resolution was presented for consideration:
BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Governors for Missouri State University that a closed meeting, with closed records and closed vote, be held immediately following this December 11, 2015, meeting of the Board of Governors to consider items of business pursuant to:
a. R.S.Mo. 610.021(1). “Legal actions, causes of action, or litigation involving a public governmental body…”
b. R.S.Mo. 610.021(3). “Hiring, firing, disciplining or promoting of particular employees by a public governmental body…”
c. R.S.Mo. 610.021(13). “Individually identifiable personnel records, performance ratings or records pertaining to employees or applicants for employment,…”
Ms. Fry moved the approval of the resolution and Dr. Hofherr seconded the motion.
A roll call vote on the resolution was as follows: those voting in favor – Governors Carmichael, Fry, Gore, Hofherr, Hoven, Miller, Seal, Spears, and Tergin; those voting against – none.
Mr. Hoven declared the resolution passed unanimously.
12. Date of Next Meeting --- The date of the next regularly scheduled meeting was set for Friday, February 5, 2016, at 1:00 p.m. on the campus of Missouri State University-West Plains, in West Plains, Missouri.
13. Adjournment – Mr. Hoven adjourned the meeting at 10:30 a.m., on the motion of Dr. Hofherr, the second of Ms. Miller, and the unanimous vote of the Board.
John W. McAlear Secretary
To the Board of Governors, faculty and staff, fellow students, media, and Springfield community, thank you for your time and presence at today’s meeting.
“ It is the policy of Missouri State University to maintain the campus as a place
of work and study for faculty, staff and students free from discrimination and harassment
in violation of the University’s policies. ”
Because I agree with this statement I stand in affirmation of the resolution I propose
to you today:
Resolved: The University ought to be held accountable for its commitment to Diversity
and Inclusion.
I will provide you with three policies as outlined in the Missouri State Policy Library
as we state these cases
Definitions of terms in the resolution as well as a fact sheet can be provided upon
request
Nondiscrimination Policy
Approved by Board of Governors: July 16, 2014
Missouri State University is a community of people with respect for diversity. The
University emphasizes the dignity and equality common to all persons and adheres to
a strict nondiscrimination policy regarding the treatment of individual faculty, staff,
and students. In accord with federal law and applicable Missouri statutes, the University
does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin,
ancestry, age, disability, or veteran status in employment or in any program or activity
offered or sponsored by the University. In addition, the University does not discriminate
on any basis (including, but not limited to, political affiliation and sexual orientation)
not related to the applicable educational requirements for students or the applicable
job requirements for employees.
Prohibition of Discrimination and Harassment Policy
The University will respond to instances of discrimination or harassment in accordance
with the Office for Institutional Equity and Compliance Complaint Procedures (Op1.02‐2)
and will respond appropriately to those who violate this policy, up to and including
dismissal from the University or termination of employment.
To achieve this end, the University believes it should foster a learning, working
and living environment free from discrimination and harassment on any basis not related
to the applicable educational requirements for students or the applicable job requirements
for employees.
The University's educational mission is promoted by professionalism. Professionalism
is fostered by an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect. Actions of faculty, staff,
students and others affiliated with the University that harm this atmosphere undermine
professionalism and hinder fulfillment of the University's educational mission. Trust
and respect are diminished when those in positions of authority abuse their power.
Those who abuse their power in such a context violate their duty to the University
community.
According to the cultural climate: One major obstacle that must be addressed is the perception by some “majority group” (i.e., white, male, heterosexual, Christian) students, faculty, administrators, staff
and community members that microaggressions neither exist nor matter and that diversity is “much to do about nothing.” Consequently, any diversity planning should prioritize strategies for expanding the involvement, education and awareness of those on campus who have remained on the sidelines thinking diversity is about “them” and not “us”.
Reasonable Person Standard
(As defined by the Cornell University Law School)
The hypothetical reasonable person behaves in a way that is legally appropriate. Those who do not meet this standard ‐‐ that is, they do not behave at least as a reasonable person would ‐‐ are considered negligent and may be held liable for damages caused by their actions.
a. Whether particular physical, non‐verbal, or verbal conduct constitutes prohibited
discrimination or harassment in violation of this policy will depend upon all of the
circumstances involved, the context in which the conduct occurred, and the frequency,
severity, and pattern of the conduct.
b. Isolated or single ‐incident inappropriate behavior typically does not constitute
prohibited discrimination or harassment. However, in those incidents where the behavior
complained of is sufficiently egregious, it may constitute a violation of this policy.
While i commend the university on these policies created, i fail to believe that they are being adequately applied as minority student on this campus after my experiences as the information provided in the climate study.
Ghoston 1
Good Morning, My name is Xavier Torres-‐Ghoston, current senior at Missouri State
University. I am in pursuit of a Bachelor of Science Degree in Communications with
a minor in African Americans studies by the end of May 2016. Complementary to my academic
endeavors, I am a proud member of the African American sector of this university community.
On March 16, 2015, the university published the “Campus and Community Climate Study
Report Presented by DiversityWorks Inc.”
The aforementioned study highlighted issues of diversity, climate, and representation.
Along with its evaluation of the issues on our campus, it provided several solutions
that our administration and other members of our university community have neglected
to enforce.
“The public affairs mission should be utilized further for diversity. Ethical leadership
is a supposed pillar of the mission but there is not much accountability for it. How
can we make ourselves more accountable for it as an institution? Administrators must
be held accountable for progress on diversity in their evaluation(s)”
Because I agree with this statement from the study, I stand in affirmation of the
resolution I propose to you today:
Resolved: The University ought to be held accountable for its commitment to Diversity
and Inclusion.
Under the premise of CAMPUS CLIMATE, I will provide you with three ways the University
can be held accountable.
Definitions of terms in the resolution can provided upon request.
1. Make people of color visible on this campus.
a. Establish Diversity Council
i. Due to underrepresentation, students and staff of color can and do suffer from
an invisibility that not only limits our impact on this campus, but neglects our individual
needs. In order to combat this limitation on power and presence, the university should
install the “Diversity Council” in accordance with the climate study. Every unit on
campus should have a representative on a campus‐wide diversity council, chaired by
the vice president for diversity and inclusion.
b. Place a memorial of an influential person of color or MSU alum on campus.
c. living learning community for students of color and low income students (CC quotes)
d. Promote integration of diverse curriculum with emphasis on public affairs mission.
2. Institute a “Hate Speech Policy.”
According to the Prohibition of Discrimination and Harassment Policy and reasonable
person standard, university officials are obliged to respond to discomfort surrounding
racial slurs, threatening speech and/or violence related to prejudice.
Given that the university that has also published definitions on the Office for Institutional Equity and Compliance website for “nigger”, the “n-‐word” and “negro,” it can be assumed that the governors and administrators present have a full understanding of the history and impact of these words.
Introducing this policy does not limit our first amendment right to “free speech”
for two reasons. First, it is within the realms “fighting words” doctrine instituted
by the supreme court in 1942. Second, it is simply a reaction to speech, not the prohibition
of it—not unlike addressing any other form of harassment. If one can face consequences
for using sexually charged language or speech interpreted as threat, one should face
the same consequences for racial prejudice. Selectively enforcing verbal harassment
policies, the university contradicts its nondiscrimination policy and the reasonable
person standard by which it evaluates harassment, itself.
Universities such as Santa Clara University in Silicon Valley, California have already
gotten on board the train of social justice and instituted codes and policies addressing
hate speech.
No student at Missouri State University should have to sit and decide whether or not
they will attend after being called a nigger on campus. No student should have to
decide not to attend class after her professor joins in laughter with classmates after
they ask her if she was even born in this country. No professor should ask the question
why don’t African Americans vote and the majority white class heckles “because they’re
lazy they don’t care”.
These are encounters no one should face at a University who upholds the pillar of
Cultural Competence.
I realize that we cannot change feelings or minds but our University can create policy
to combat these situations and hold our University faculty, staff, administration
and students accountable.
I am Adekemi Omoloja, a junior at Missouri State University in pursuit of a Bachelor
of Science Degree in Cellular Molecular Biology with a minor in Chemistry. I possess
many identities: Nigerian, Multicultural student, campus leader and scholar.
I am still in attendance at Missouri State University due to the TRIO Student Support
Services program, which has aided me financially, academically and personally in navigating
this Predominantly White Institution. This would be beneficial for some of the 2,255
underrepresented students currently attending this university. Unfortunately, TRIO
caters to only 150 students and that is where the University plays an integral part.
The Climate study poses the question, why can’t we expand this program further to
serve even more students?
Because the answer to this question is crucial to the success of minority students, Resolved: the University ought to be held accountable for its commitment to Diversity and Inclusion.
The University prides itself on the growth of diverse student population, but unless there are resources in place for student development, retention will continue to be an obstacle moving forward. Under the premise of funding and resources, I will provide three ways retention for students of color can be improved.
I. Restructuring of the Jumpstart program. The Jumpstart program is an accelerated
summer program targeting incoming students who are underprepared for fall courses.
I credit the University in implementing a summer bridge program. This can improve
enrollment, retention, and satisfaction rates for students. However, there is a structural
and counterproductive issue with the program. How it is funded.
A. This program is geared toward students who “do not meet traditional freshman admission
criteria based on GPA, class rank, or test scores.”
B. Because students tend to use financial aid to pay for enrollment in the program,
the program does not fully relieve students of burdens associated with being underprivileged.
And not being able to pay for the rest of their academic year.
C. The university could combat this inequality by including Jumpstart as a part of
Multicultural Programs. Giving these students a place in the university budget, not
only increases retention, but diversifies the program’s portfolio.
II. A Development of a Program similar to that of TRIO that would extend resources
to all students of color at Missouri State university.
A. Like TRIO it would provide services such as, Tutoring, Reading/Study Skills Assistance,
Career Exploration, Academic Advising, Personal Assistance, Financial aid paperwork
assistance, Assistance with your scholarship search, Volunteer Opportunities and Leadership
Opportunities.
B. The aforementioned services contribute to high retention in higher education and
Missouri State specifically.
C. TRIO Services Retention Rates ‐ Retention Rates for TRIO‐ 95% and Graduation Rates
for TRIO‐ 83% Graduation Rates at MSU‐ 53.4% for 2013 44% Af‐Ams 48% Hispanics
III. The Reevaluation of Budgeting in Multicultural Programs and Diversity initiatives
A. With the future goals for increasing diversity, multicultural programs needs to
increase the budget to adequately adhere to Missouri State’s pillars.
B. The climate study suggests that the university, Focus more on how to increase the
number of people (faculty, administrators, staff and students) participating in diversity
activities, workshops, conferences, etc. so there is widespread campus participation.
This will take resources and more importantly funding.
C. According to the Climate study “There never seems to be enough money for further
diversity training, education, programs, etc.,“ The suggestion would be for the university
to prioritize fundraising from donors, alumnae, etc. to increase University‐-wide
funding on diversity.
The climate study itself states there is a tendency for universities to take no action However, ignoring such a wealth of information is to ignore the reality that an increase in enrollment of underrepresented student groups is not the same as guaranteeing educational equity for those students.
Villa Meza 1
My name is Monica Villa Meza, a current Junior at Missouri State University majoring in Sociology with a minor in Spanish and a recipient of the Multicultural Leadership scholarship.
“MSU students are behind on many key assessment indicators of academic challenge and seem to be weakest on cultural competence goals and measures.”
Because I agree with this statement from the climate study, I stand in affirmation of the resolution I propose to you today:
Resolved: The university ought to be held accountable to its commitment to Diversity and Inclusion.
Under the premise of equity and compliance, I will provide you with three ways the University can be held accountable.
1. The university needs to re‐evaluate its hiring process.
a. The hiring process, as it as stands, does not sufficiency address the needs of
our campus. With an influx of students of colors, there is higher demand for diverse
representation in staff.
i. To meet this need, the university ought to prioritize hiring people of color. On
many occasions that university explains efforts to hire diverse staff, however, it
rarely declares it a top priority.
1. Currently, the university has 11 Latino staff members, but gives the “Latino face”
to only one.
a. The climate study states, “Hire more Latinos as support staff, academic professionals,
faculty, administrators, etc. so Latinos are more visible as employees at MSU.”
ii. Hiring candidates outside of MSU graduates will help enrich the cultural climate.
1. The study suggest that the administrators should, “Hire faculty, administrators
and staff who are not MSU graduates in order to support diverse thinking, new strategies,
philosophies and approaches.”
iii. Evaluating cultural competence of applicants
1. Before hiring, administrators should evaluate the applicant's experience with interpersonal
relations, diversity training, and higher education.
b. There should be students involved in the hiring process
i. There should be established student-‐led simulations or interviews in which applicants
are required to address issues that are current and specific to the needs of MSU students.
ii. Climate study suggests that “More comprehensive education require on diverse hiring
that focuses on the retention of diverse faculty and staff (not just recruitment and
hiring) as well as biases in the search and hiring process (not just legalities).”
2. Consider the needs of staff/faculty of color
a. As it was mentioned in the climate study, “Although there were no differences between
White employees and employees of color on perceptions regarding experiences of positive/inclusive,
there were difference between these groups regarding negative/hostile climate at MSU,
in which employees of color reported more negative/hostile climate experiences than
White employee.
3. Hold faculty/staff accountable to inclusiveness
a. Prohibit discriminatory language.
Closing the loopholes in rehiring process, will bridge the gaps between cultures and lend to more and inclusive environment.
During my time here at MSU as a Latina, I have witness breakdowns in communication amongst students, staff, and administration.
First of all, there is a misunderstanding of Latino culture in the university community.
- We are governed by our values.
- Collectivism: tendency to look at others to help guide decisions and opinions.
- Respeto (respect): we hold a high esteem for authority and authoritative figures.
- Simpatía (kindness): emphasis on being polite and pleasant even in the face of stress and adversity. This causes us to avoid hostility or confrontation. As a result, we may not feel comfortable openly expressing disagreement with faculty, resources, or policies.
- Secondly, there is a lack of communication between Latino students and faculty/staff and administrators.
- There is racial division amongst the multicultural students a result of incompetent leadership. The results of this division manifest in the student organizations and programs.
- Latino students are hesitant to participate in unfamiliar events because racial tension. Prejudice has penetrated our communities from the top down. The same group of students participate in events, because there is a lack of unity.
- Disunity exists between the Assistant VP of Multicultural services/ programs and other Latino faculty that leaves the community feeling voiceless.
- There are over 700 latinos on this campus, but the same 30 students are selected to participate in organization. Opportunities are discriminately distributed, which is hindering the Latino students from progressing.
The broken relationships and cultural incompetence within the Latino community is simply a microcosm for a glorified, but unfulfilled public affairs mission.